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Bacteria are single-celled living microorganisms that were originally observed in 1677 by Antony van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch scientist. Ranging in length from 0.1-10µm their structure is very simple. Surrounded by a cell wall and membrane, the cytoplasm contains chromosomal material but no nucleus. Other features such as flagella, pilli, slime layers and photosynthetic material can also be identified in some bacteria. Bacteria may be found linked together in chains, grouped like a bunch of grapes or as single cells. The size, shape, structure and arrangement of bacteria are important to the classification of the bacteria. The two major groups are: |
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Bacilli - rod-shaped bacteria |
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| • | Cocci - spherical / ovoid-shaped and spiral-shaped bacteria | ||
Bacteria have existed on the earth for over 3.5 billion years and can survive in a diverse range of environmental conditions. Commonly they are found in the air, dust and soil, in and on plants and animals, and associated with food. Beneficial bacteria are used in the manufacture of many food products such as Yakult, yoghurts, alcohol, bread and cheese. Bacteria also have important uses in agriculture, science and medicine. They are vital to other organisms by causing the decay of organic material and the recycling of nutrients. Click the links below to find out more about: |
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Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) |
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| • | Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain | ||
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